SHOEI
Helmet Review by Helmet Stuff.com
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SHOEI HELMET PROTECTION
Even the most observant and skilled rider cannot completely eliminate the risk of an accident. In the first instance, a helmet therefore has to protect the rider's head. Before buying a motorcycle, the potential customer will generally go for a test drive in order to test the bike's road handling. Unfortunately, the degree of protection provided by a helmet cannot be tested in the same way prior to an emergency and, regardless of its material or production quality, can neither be seen nor felt. For this reason, the DOT regulation as well as SNELL M2005 for safety helmets stipulate the degree of protection helmets must guarantee. The company's technical expertise coupled with strict quality controls enables the production of safety helmets that not only fulfill the safety requirements, but also provide various advantages with regard to wearing comfort.
DOT Standard (FMVSS 218) and SNELL M2005 DOT Standard and SNELL M2005 are well known in the U.S., Canada and Mexico. While the former is a compulsory standard which all manufacturers of safety helmet for motorcycle satisfy for sale in the U.S., Canada and Mexico, the latter is an optional standard.
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AIM? The SHOEI Shell? What's that?

"AIM" stands for "Advanced Integrated Matrix" and constitutes SHOEI's high-performance outer shell, which is characterized by three main aspects: (1) a shaping process involving a fiber-reinforced layered matrix, (2) the molecular structure of a resin and (3) a composite structure. All in all, this results in an outer shell that provides an ideal level of impact absorption, sufficient elasticity, light weight and a high degree of rigidity.
(1) Shaping Process plus Fiber Reinforced Matrix
One of AIM's special features already lies in the pre-shaping process. In general, an FRP shell is formed by using a thermosetting polymer that was previously impregnated with various reinforcing fibers – fiberglass among others – and is subsequently set with heat. The rigidity of the shell is largely dependent on the quantity of the material used, its properties, its respective position within the composite and its compatibility with other materials. The SHOEI shell owes its ideal shape to the integration of organic fibers and the three-dimensional pre-shaping of the layered matrix. This enables an outer shell to be produced that, in comparison to conventionally manufactured products, provides sufficient rigidity at light weight.
(2) Synthetic Resin
A specially adapted unsaturated polyester resin, a so-called thermoplastic, is used to produce the AIM outer shell. During the thermosetting stage, the resin forms a three-dimensional molecular structure, whose internal meshing ensures both rigidity and elasticity. In addition, the synthetic resin is highly corrosion-resistant.
(3) Composite Structure
The AIM shell consists of a thermosetting plastic plus various layers of reinforcing organic fibers and fiberglass. Various orga at strategic points with regard to both the helmet shape and the fiber properties and then combined with fiberglass. In comparison to shells that solely consist of fiberglass, the AIM shell provides a comparative degree of rigidity, but is both lighter and more elastic. Further lightweight is realized in AIM+ by applying in low specific gravity high performance organic fiber with high tensile strength in addition to ordinary organic fibers.
(1) Shaping Process plus Fiber Reinforced Matrix
One of AIM's special features already lies in the pre-shaping process. In general, an FRP shell is formed by using a thermosetting polymer that was previously impregnated with various reinforcing fibers – fiberglass among others – and is subsequently set with heat. The rigidity of the shell is largely dependent on the quantity of the material used, its properties, its respective position within the composite and its compatibility with other materials. The SHOEI shell owes its ideal shape to the integration of organic fibers and the three-dimensional pre-shaping of the layered matrix. This enables an outer shell to be produced that, in comparison to conventionally manufactured products, provides sufficient rigidity at light weight.
(2) Synthetic Resin
A specially adapted unsaturated polyester resin, a so-called thermoplastic, is used to produce the AIM outer shell. During the thermosetting stage, the resin forms a three-dimensional molecular structure, whose internal meshing ensures both rigidity and elasticity. In addition, the synthetic resin is highly corrosion-resistant.
(3) Composite Structure
The AIM shell consists of a thermosetting plastic plus various layers of reinforcing organic fibers and fiberglass. Various organic fibers of low specific gravity are applied at strategic points with regard to both the helmet shape and the fiber properties and then combined with fiberglass. In comparison to shells that solely consist of fiberglass, the AIM shell provides a comparative degree of rigidity, but is both lighter and more elastic. Further lightweight is realized in AIM+ by applying in low specific gravity high performance organic fiber with high tensile strength in addition to ordinary organic fibers.
Main Safety Performances Required in SNELL M2000 and DOT Standards
Impact Absorption |
Test Method
SNELL M2500
Four different points are hit by dropping a helmet on anvil. Two points on flat anvil from heights of 306cm firstly and 225cm secondarily. Same is applied on hemispherical anvil. And also, another single point is hit on edge anvil.
Impact energies are specified to be 150J and 110J in the first and second tests respectively. The heights shown in the drawing are figured out as the heights where the specified impact energies are obtained when the head forms weighing 5Kg are dropped.

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Test Method
DOT
Four different points are hit by dropping a helmet on anvil. Two points on hemispherical anvil from a height of 138cm and another two points on flat anvil from a height of 183cm.

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Requirement
SNELL M2005
Peak G shall not exceed 290G.
DOT
Peak G shall not exceed 400 G
Accelerations in excess of 200G shall not exceed a cumulative duration of 2.0 milliseconds; and
Those in excess of 150G shall not exceed a cumulative duration of 4.0 milliseconds. |

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Penetration |
Retention System |
Test Method
SNELL/DOT
Steel striker of 3kg is dropped on a helmet mounted on head form from a height of 300cm

Requirement
Steel striker shall not touch head form.
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Test Method

SNELL M2005
A pre-load of 23kg is applied to a retention system for more than 60 seconds. Then a dynamic load of 38 kg is dropped from a height of 12cm.
DOT
A 22.7 kg preliminary test load is applied to the chin strap for 30 seconds. Then, an additional 113.4 kg test load is applied to the chin strap for 120 seconds
Requirement
SNELL M2005
The maximum deflection during the dynamic load shall not exceed 3.0cm.
DOT
The adjustable portion of the retention system test device shall not move more than 2.5cm between preliminary and test load positions.
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SNELL Standard is changed in 2005
SNELL standard is reviewed and revised every 5 years. Year 2005 is a year for revision and the standard for motorcycle helmet is changed from M2000 to M2005. While the requirements in M2005 are tougher than those in M2000, the main changes are two as below;
1. Test line is lowered by 10mm in side head and rear head portions.
Test line is a line to specify an area above the line where such requirements as impact absorption and penetration management have to be satisfied at any point. As per drawing below the test line is lowered by 1mm in side head and rear head portions, and as a result, the area to satisfy the requirements is expanded to a lower direction in M2005. There is no change of the test line in forehead portion because it was already lowered in the last revision from M1995 to M2000.
2. The requirement of Peak G is lowered from below 300G to below 290G.
While the requirement of Peak G in impact management test was below 300G in M2000, it become below 290G in M2005.
The new SNELL M2005 becomes effective on October 1, 2005. Sales of the products with Snell M2005 labels can be started from this date. SHOEI already started the production of the products satisfying the new standard in some new models for the year 2005(*) and will change the current models in M2000 specifications to M2005 specifications gradually.
(*) M2000 labels are put on those products until M2005 becomes effective. And also, even after effective date of the new standard the products with M2000 labels may be sold at dealers. Whichever labels are put, SHOEI’s SNELL products are what satisfy requirements of its strict in-house standard and SNELL Standard.SNELL standard is reviewed and revised every 5 years. Year 2005 is a year for revision and the standard for motorcycle helmet is changed from M2000 to M2005. While the requirements in M2005 are tougher than those in M2000, the main changes are two as below;
1. Test line is lowered by 10mm in side head and rear head portions.
Test line is a line to specify an area above the line where such requirements as impact absorption and penetration management have to be satisfied at any point. As per drawing below the test line is lowered by 1mm in side head and rear head portions, and as a result, the area to satisfy the requirements is expanded to a lower direction in M2005. There is no change of the test line in forehead portion because it was already lowered in the last revision from M1995 to M2000.
2. The requirement of Peak G is lowered from below 300G to below 290G.
While the requirement of Peak G in impact management test was below 300G in M2000, it become below 290G in M2005. 
The new SNELL M2005 becomes effective on October 1, 2005. Sales of the products with Snell M2005 labels can be started from this date. SHOEI already started the production of the products satisfying the new standard in some new models for the year 2005(*) and will change the current models in M2000 specifications to M2005 specifications gradually.
(*) M2000 labels are put on those products until M2005 becomes effective. And also, even after effective date of the new standard the products with M2000 labels may be sold at dealers. Whichever labels are put, SHOEI’s SNELL products are what satisfy requirements of its strict in-house standard and SNELL Standard.
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